President of the United States from 1933 to 1945 - Franklin [[Delano family | Delano]] [[Roosevelt family | Roosevelt]] (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd [[President of the United States | president of the United States]] from 1933 until his death in 1945. The longest serving U.S. president, he is the only president to have served more than two terms. His [[Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms | initial two terms]] were centered on combating the [[Great Depression]], while his [[Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms | third and fourth]] saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in [[World War II]]. - A member of the prominent Delano and Roosevelt families, Roosevelt was elected to the [[New York State Senate]] from 1911 to 1913 and was then the [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy | assistant secretary of the Navy]] under President [[Woodrow Wilson]] during [[World War I]]. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's ticket in the [[1920 United States presidential election | 1920 U.S. presidential election]], but Cox lost to [[Republican Party (United States) | Republican]] nominee [[Warren G. Harding]]. In 1921, Roosevelt [[Paralytic illness of Franklin D. Roosevelt | contracted a paralytic illness]] that permanently paralyzed his legs. Partly through the encouragement of his wife, [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], he returned to public office as [[Governor of New York | governor of New York]] from 1929 to 1933, during which he promoted programs to combat the Great Depression. In the [[1932 United States presidential election | 1932 presidential election]], Roosevelt defeated president [[Herbert Hoover]] in a [[Landslide victory | landslide victory]]. - During [[First 100 days of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency | his first 100 days as president]], Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing the [[New Deal]], building the [[New Deal coalition]], and realigning American politics into the [[Fifth Party System]]. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the [[National Recovery Administration]] and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of [[Prohibition in the United States | Prohibition]]. In 1936, Roosevelt [[1936 United States presidential election | won a landslide reelection]]. He was unable to [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 | expand the Supreme Court in 1937]], the same year the [[Conservative coalition | conservative coalition]] was formed to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. Major surviving programs and legislation implemented under Roosevelt include the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | Securities and Exchange Commission]], the [[National Labor Relations Act of 1935 | National Labor Relations Act]], the [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]], and [[Social Security (United States) | Social Security]]. In [[1940 United States presidential election | 1940]], he ran successfully for reelection, one entire term before the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution | official implementation of term limits]]. - Following the Japanese [[Attack on Pearl Harbor | attack on Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt obtained a declaration of war on Japan. After Germany and [[Fascist Italy | Italy]] declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941, the [[United States Congress | U.S. Congress]] approved additional declarations of war in return. He worked closely with other national leaders in leading [[Allies of World War II | the Allies]] against the [[Axis powers]]. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the American economy to support the war effort and implemented a [[Europe first]] strategy. He also initiated the development of the first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the [[History of the United Nations | United Nations]] and other post-war institutions, even coining the term "United Nations". Roosevelt [[1944 United States presidential election | won reelection in 1944]] but died in 1945 after his physical health seriously and steadily declined during the war years. Since then, several of his actions have come under [[Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt | criticism]], such as his ordering of the [[Internment of Japanese Americans | internment of Japanese Americans]]. Nonetheless, [[Historical rankings of presidents of the United States | historical rankings]] consistently place him among the three greatest American presidents. ## Sources - [wikipedia_page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt)